The Fortress Within

Marcus Aurelius became emperor in 161 AD. Right after he started his reign, Rome was plagued with natural disasters: a pandemic, flooding of the Tiber, and scarcity of food. There was also the problem of conflicts with the Christians and of invasions from northern tribes. It kept Marcus’ heart uneasy and shackled with anxiety.

But with time, experience, and his Stoic training, Marcus began responding to his problems in a different way. When anxious, instead of freaking out he’d ask himself “Why am I troubled?”

“You have power over your mind—not outside events. Realize this and you will find strength.”

This strength has a home Marcus calls the fortress within. He also refers to it as the soul. And it is here one must go when troubled because “Nowhere you can go is more peaceful—freer of interruptions—than your own soul.”

To relax, we often feel the need to get away so we run off somewhere like to the countryside, to the sea, or to the hills. But why go through all that trouble when there’s no place that can give you the calm and relaxation than that of the fortress within. All we need to do when feel ill at ease and want to renew ourselves is retreat to our soul. (Meditations 4:3)

To relax, we often feel the need to get away so we run off somewhere like to the countryside, to the sea, or to the hills. But why go through all that trouble when there’s no place that can give you the calm and relaxation than that of the fortress within. All we need to do when feel ill at ease and want to renew ourselves is retreat to our soul. (Meditations 4:3)

So how can we create this inner citadel? How do we fortify our soul?

Inscribed on Delphi’s Temple to Apollo is the maxim “Know Thyself” and that’s a good place to start as it’s important to know what kind of terrain you’re constructing on before you get started.

How much of what you think you know about yourself is actually true? Have you constructed your own personal philosophy or have you let someone else do it for you (ex. tradition, religion, political party). Who is in command of your soul?

I don’t know if the concept of a fortress within is the same for women as it is for men. But I’m going to start my construction in front of the sea. Maybe with an aperitif.

“Marcus & Me” © 2023

Note: the Stoic fortress within is generally referred to as Inner Citadel

Related: Diary Writing and other Spiritual Practice

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My Heart Is on Fire

July 4 Was The Hottest Day Ever Recorded Worldwide …and it didn’t stop there.

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The Present Moment

Marcus Aurelius writes to himself that “no one loses any life other than the one he lives, or lives any life other than the one he loses.” (Meditations, Book 2:14)

A long life and a short life both end in the same way.

The past is dead and the future doesn’t exist. Therefore, the only thing you can be deprived of is the present and “the present moment is equal for all.”

Sitting at our favorite tavern in Aliki, I feel the surrounding beauty penetrate my skin. It is a soothing sensation because beauty has healing powers. Despite a momentary urge to take a photograph, I don’t. It would be like trying to physically possess what I see. Instead I want to absorb the moment until we become entangled. I want to be a part of that photograph not taken.

Be Here Now Stoic style.

“Marcus & Me” © 2023
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On Making Beautiful Choices

Sunrise from my Balcony

Today is my blog’s 20th birthday. I started it after reading the Scientific Warning of 1992. It begins like this:

Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms, and may so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know.

After reading it, I felt nauseated and very concerned about my children’s future. It was this concern that gave rise to “Art for Housewives”. The intention was to encourage the use of household trash to make beautiful and practical objects thus the blog’s motto “Make Art, Not Trash”. Initially, the response to the blog was very positive. However, after a few years, the platform I was using bit the dust and from one day to the next my blog was left homeless. My son suggested I try WordPress so I did. Nevertheless, the abrupt loss had changed the blog’s dynamics.

Seedlings from my Neighbor

In terms of ecology, has anything changed in these past 20 years? Yes, we are worse off than before. The irresponsible attitude of the western world simultaneously frightens and disgusts me. But to keep from feeling overwhelmed, I search for equilibrium. And hope.

In a few months I will be 70 years old. Life expectancy for women living in Italy is 84. Which means, based on this average, if all goes well, I can count on maybe another 10 productive years. And I intend to make these years the best years of my life.

Aloe Maculata in Bloom

The Greek slave Epictetus had his owner’s permission to study and, once a free man, Epictetus left for Rome where he taught philosophy. One of his students was Marcus Aurelius. In “Meditations”, Marcus praises his teacher who had taught him that: If you want to be beautiful, you must make beautiful choices.

Beauty is not an object. It’s a perception waiting for a beholder. And here I am, waiting to behold.

Lace Curtain and Grape Vine

Aging is an unpleasant but mandatory experience if you want to stay alive. Moms can help give much useful advice. But with their demise, we lose our most important ally and some of us are left to wander alone.  Books can never take a mom’s place but they can be practical guides.  

In the moment that Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, Marcus Aurelius, began feeling that age was becoming his most loyal companion, he began writing to himself. In Book One of his “Meditations”, Marcus thanks those who had had a positive influence on his life. He expresses this gratitude to remind himself that no one is entirely self-sufficient, that we are all part of the Whole. The Whole is that unity which makes our existence possible. It is the interconnection of all things. And gratitude is a kind of glue that helps keep us connected.

Curtain with Shadows

“Meditations” is, for the most part, an anthology of the lessons Marcus Aurelius had learned in his life. It was written not for others but for himself. A personal patrimony to keep him on the right track.

If I were to copy Marcus’ example, what would I write to myself? What lessons has life taught me that would be useful at this time?

Parian Sunset

If I were to write a book, it would be called “Daily Aesthetics” and would focus on searching for beauty in everyday life. Because perceiving beauty is a form of consciousness and consciousness transforms us. Because aesthetics are ideals that give us a direction. Because beauty is a form of hope because it reminds us that not everything in the world is ugly.

But instead of writing a book, I will continue writing posts for this blog. Because, after 20 years, it has become a part of me.

Birthday Girl
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Empathy and Evolution (part 3)

Circe becomes a mortal:

To better understand the gods, it’s important to keep in mind that they are immortal and, after thousands of years of living the same life over and over again, they are bored and seek distractions. That’s why gods like novelty and begrudge those who annoy them.

Chronically restless, a bored divinity tries to keep himself entertained by interfering in the lives of mortals. As gods are self-referential, they are indifferent as to the harm they provoke.

Gods are Divinity Supremacists and want all the power for themselves. They are petty, vindictive, sadistic, and thrilled to torment those who help mortals in any way.

When still a young girl, Circe saw her uncle, Prometheus, being whipped then chained to a rock where an eagle came every day to rip out his liver. His crime? He gave fire to mortals so othey could evolve. This made the gods furious because they wanted to keep humans in a state of fear and misery making them more easily manipulated. The more mortals were powerless, the more powerful the gods were. It was then that Circe first began questioning the gods. Do they get satisfaction only by being cruel to the less fortunate. Are gods little more than privileged bullies?

Circe’s first love was the mortal, Glaucus. She loved him so much that she was willing to risk her father’s wrath by making him immortal. But after his transformation, Glaucus, instead of being loving and kind, treated Circe with contempt as now he had his eyes on the beautiful Scylla. The heartbroken Circe gave vent to her pain by using her powers to transform Scylla into a monster with twelve feet and six heads. But revenge had not made her feel better.

And now, once again in love with a mortal, Circe had no intention of repeating her previous mistake. To the contrary, she wanted to give up her own immortality so that she and Telemachus could grow old and live the rest of their lives together.

Immortality is not about happiness, it’s about power. Yet as a mortal, Circe had a power the gods didn’t have–the power of empathy.

Gods were born gods but it took millions of years for man to evolve into his present state. Empathy contributed greatly to this evolution.

Years ago a student asked anthropologist Margaret Mead what the earliest sign of civilization had been. After a brief hesitation she responded “a healed femur”.  The femur is the longest bone in the body and important for walking. If fractured, it takes weeks to heal. During prehistoric times, a person in such a condition could survive only had someone been there to care for him. In other words, helping another survive gave birth to civilization.*

Empathy is not just a form of compassion. It’s also a form of rational thought and decision making based on the capacity to understand the feelings of another. Women, being mothers, are more empathic than men. Empathy enables women to communicate with babies too small to speak and children too young to properly express their needs.

Empathy is a form of interrelating. And interrelating with others is fundamental for our survival. The study of man’s evolution shows us that we are more likely to survive if we work together. For this reason, in prehistoric times, it was important to belong to a clan. Every member of the clan was expected to contribute to the needs of the community. Who didn’t contribute was exiled. Exile was a kiss of death because surviving alone without the clan was impossible.

Circe and Penelope helped each other survive. Thanks to empathy, they were able to recognize themselves one in the other. This common recognition was the foundation on which they built their friendship.

When you smile, empathy makes me smile, too. So please, smile as often as you can.

*Some scholars (male) claim Mead never made this affirmation. Whether or not she did doesn’t change the validity of such a consideration.

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